Extended Abstract Background: Forests are one of the complex ecosystems of natural resources with an important role in the environment and multiple production capacities and functions. The benefit of different human societies from these resources in various forms has various effects and consequences. Without accurate and complete identification of all its stakeholders, logical and acceptable results cannot be achieved in decision-making and policy-making. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the stakeholders (actors) and their identification criteria in line with basic policies for planning, decision-making, and success in this field. Because decision-making in the management of forest resources always faces challenges and is often associated with complexity, immutability, and uncertainty due to the multi-purpose nature of the benefits and services of these resources, the difficulty of monetary valuation of ecological services, and the great diversity of the stakeholders of their services. Therefore, the stakeholders in the fields of natural resources and forests are considered vital components, and their presence and activity in these fields are undeniable and provide a guarantee of success in cooperative management for the protection of forests. The advancement of the sustainable management goals of natural resources and forests is realized by identifying an active presence of key actors and the most important and effective groups involved, i.e. forest producers and users, along with other identified stakeholders. The primary purpose of identifying those involved is the names of all those who can and should have a role in the planning and management process, and their identification is an important part of the participatory planning process because it is considered a part of the prerequisite for participation. Therefore, identifying and determining the stakeholders make it possible to take advantage of their cooperation in a planned way in the implementation and management of forestry projects and to facilitate the implementation process of the programs. Methods: To identify, weight, and prioritize the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services using multi-criteria decision-making models, the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services were first identified and gathered based on the review of various studies. Then, the research questionnaire was designed to answer two important questions in this study: a) who are the people involved in Hyrcanian forest areas? and b) what is their priority? Therefore, the beneficiaries of the economy of Hyrcanian forests were identified by designing a questionnaire scored with a Likert scale, designing items with five priority options, and determining the individuals or groups of stakeholders. In this research, the opinions of 50 experts, academics, and experts of the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization at the provincial and regional levels were used to identify the beneficiaries of the ecosystem services of Hyrcanian forests. The questionnaire was validated and confirmed by experts, and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha statistic of α = 0.97. The stakeholders of the forest ecosystem services were weighted  with the Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method, the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to prioritize them. Results: By analyzing the findings of the questionnaire using experts' opinions, the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem goods and services stakeholders were identified in 19 groups and five levels, such as international, national, regional, stakeholders outside the forest, and stakeholders inside the forest. Based on the results of the weighting of the stakeholders using the SWARA technique, the forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge are among the most important Hyrcanian forest ecosystem goods and services stakeholders with the highest weight, and other stakeholders were placed in the next priorities based on the received weight. The prioritization of the stakeholders of the goods and services of the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem in the TOPSIS, ARAS, and SAW models showed similar results in terms of the prioritization of the stakeholders of the surveyed services. Conclusion: The results of stakeholder prioritization models were compared using the slope of the service weight curve (R2) in three models. The slope of the relative closeness curve of the weights in the ARAS model was a descending exponential function with an explanatory degree of 0.93, which indicated an obvious difference between the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services. The slope of the curve of the relative closeness of the weights is higher and closer to one in the ARAS model than in the other two models from different points of view. Based on this result and the consensus of some experts, the prioritization of stakeholders in the ARAS model is closer to reality. Therefore, the ARAS model was proposed as a suitable model for prioritizing the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services. According to the results of this model, forest dwellers, downstream communities on the edge of the forest, and the off-site users of the forests are considered the major stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest services. Therefore, the role, presence, and influence of these stakeholders cannot be ignored in the management of natural resources and the environment, especially in forestry projects, and it is recommended to optimally use the presence of these communities in cooperative forest management. Furthermore, the human relationship with the natural ecosystem should be at the top of policies and comprehensive management of forest resources. It is necessary to support wood planting projects through subsidy policies and to grant facilities and low-interest loans to forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge. Other necessary measures include efforts to reduce deprivations and increase the socioeconomic development of the villages on the edge of the forest, holding training entrepreneurship courses and classes, introducing handicrafts and non-wood products, identifying target markets, and strengthening the marketing network for the export of non-wood products to increase the share of the forest in the growth and economic development of rural communities on the edge of the forest. Employment programs should also be developed for local communities in the forest protection sectors.

Today, economic activities at the company, local and national level are facing challenges and uncertainties for many reasons. This problem can become a serious obstacle for the planning and management of this category of activities and cause major concerns, especially for the Iranian society, which, in addition to the usual challenges, is also under sanctions. Therefore, in these conditions, the management of existing uncertainties and risks becomes very important; Because with the correct use of risk management frameworks and models, we can hope to overcome these conditions to a large extent. This research aims to investigate how to use risk management and its patterns, especially with emphasis on the participation of different stakeholders such as shareholders, policy makers, managers, customers and other stakeholders. The findings of the research with the method of logical analysis show that the participation of different stakeholders and at the macro level the participation of people in the risk management process can facilitate the management of economic challenges, including achieving economic growth and overcoming high inflation rates.

A proper and complete understanding of stakeholders is one of the main elements of strategic decision-making. Banks, as an important part of the country's economy, are confronted with various stakeholders and faced with different changes in their stakeholder structure. Recognizing and categorizing these stakeholders and adopting an appropriate strategy for engaging with them is one of the ways to improve Performance. The purpose of this study was to provide a model for managing bank interactions with strategic stakeholders. This research in terms of gole is applied, in terms of data is qualitative, and in terms of nature and research method is Grounded. The sampling strategy was selective with snowball method. Measurement of internal validity (reliability) of the findings has been done by comparing the results with theoretical foundations and experts verification, and verifying the accuracy of the data has been approved by the members of the research, and the validity of the interview’ s form has been done through content validity. The results obtained from three phases: interviewing, Delphi technique and Brainstorming, 2 dimensions; Identification of strategic stakeholders including 4 components (power, influence, influence, interests and legitimacy) and interaction with strategic stakeholders including 6 components (policy making, Rules, regulation, organization, control and supervision, supply of resources and sales of services), which are derived from 76 indicators. . .

Disclosure of companies’ information, which is not easily available for stakeholders, is incomplete and impartial. When the disclosure is done deliberately, managers exclude and hide some parts, or present some other parts unclear to protect their jobs. This is called impression management of stakeholders. This study aims at strategy review of impression management of voluntary disclosure at current state. This requires measuring the effects of circumstances of current performances, financial distress and family ownership rates on voluntary disclosure measure, and then, on future performances, regarding stakeholders’ understanding of disclosed information. The statistical population consists of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The findings from hypotheses tests of multivariate regressions showed that current performance and the level of companies’ financial distress have significantly positive relationships with the level of voluntary disclosure of information. Also, there is significantly negative relationship between the rate of family ownership and the level of voluntary disclosure. However, there is no significant relationship between future performances and the level of voluntary disclosure.

Nowadays, a lot of natural resource co-management plans due to lack of attention to stakeholders’ characteristics and position in network of social relationships have failed. Actors or key personnel’s recognition has been one of administrative requirement of natural resources co-management plans. The most influential actors in environmental decisions making can be identified based on stakeholders and network analysis. This study is aimed to determine the social powers based on network analysis approach and stakeholders analysis at the local users level of common rangeland of Nariyan village in Taleghan region. In this study, first, Rangeland users were identified based on survey methods then trust and cooperation matrixes are produced and then degree centralities index and betweenness centrality were computed by questionnaire finally each actor’s topology has shown in the network. The result of this research is effective in identifying actors with central position that perform a key role in Nariyan rangeland co-management plan. Also, the result of this study can assist natural resource managers and planers in identifying social powers in order to organize and implement the sustainable landscape management plans.

The implementation of any policy requires tools and means that must be anticipated within the policy itself to avoid specific problems in practice. Investigating the reasons for the failure of water resource management policies necessitates understanding the legislative process. Therefore, the question arises: Has the legislative process always been directed towards enforcing policies? To answer this question, the laws governing water resource management were analyzed using a network analysis approach, and the findings indicate that government policymaking in the realm of water resource management has relied on coercive tools, and the distinction between the mandatory obligations imposed on the government and the Ministry of Energy lacks a clear and technical rationale. Additionally, the use of terms such as organizations and related laws has led to ambiguity and various interpretations. Therefore, considering the ambiguity in the laws and the ineffectiveness of coercive policies, it is better for the government to strive to rewrite the laws with a collaborative approach and encourage a form of quasi-voluntary compliance in a collaborative environment.